Ammar Adnan Tuama
Department of Science, College of Basic Education, University of Diyala, Iraq
Shaymaa Mahmood Ali
Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iraq, Baghdad
Noor M. Faisal
Department of basic science, college of dentistry, University of Kerbala
Adawia Fadhil Abbas Alzubaidi
Department of Biology, College of Education of Pure Science, University of Diyala, Iraq
Staphylococcus aureus, a widely disseminated human pathogen causes various infections of all ages and sexes. The development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus strains represent a substantial global concern for the effective treatment of these infections. Staphylococcus aureus: a significant human pathogen Notwithstanding its virulence, antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability Correct identification and characterization of its phenotypic and genotypic features are vital to control of infection and targeted treatment strategies. Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen associated with diverse infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs). Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation complicate treatment and increase its pathogenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the resistance to triclosan and the correlation between icaA gene presence and biofilm production in S. aureus strains that originated from women with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Quantitative Crystal Violet (CV) assay was used to measure biofilm formation. 54.2% of icaA-positive isolates and 76.5% of icaA-negative isolates were biofilm positive, confirming that development of biofilms can occur in the absence of an icaA gene (7). A proportion of isolates had resistance to triclosan, possibly suggesting that biofilm-forming bacteria is under selective pressure. These results reveal the intricate S. aureus biofilm formation process and its role in chronic infections. Effective treatment and infection control methods depend on an understanding of the interaction between biofilm-associated virulence and antibiotic resistance. "Accordingly, the icaA gene may contribute to triclosan resistance in some S. aureus Iraqi isolates through increased expression. In contrast, additional antiseptic-resistance genes may play a role in triclosan resistance in biofilm-negative S. aureus isolates. Furthermore, triclosan appears to influence the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation, leading to up- or downregulation in specific Iraqi isolates (A5 and A7).
