Abstract

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery has the potential to change therapeutic approaches, but its implementation is slow due to a lack of understanding of its interactions at various levels of biology. A research study presents a custom design where math modeling is used to cover multiple scales of biology. It incorporates nanoparticle movement from the blood circulation to the inside of cells. The first part of the model covers large scales of biology, which incorporates the movement of nanoparticles through blood vessels and spaces in tissues. This part of the model considers the movement of nanoparticles as a combination of forces from blood flow, movement of the tissues and extracellular matrix, and movement of the blood and interstitial fluid. The second part of the model covers the small scales, where it incorporates receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is the movement of the cell membrane to cover a particle and form an internal vesicle. The model also considers the movement of the internal vesicle and the rapid diffusion of the cytoplasm. The result of the model shows the importance of characteristics such as size and surface charge in determining the effectiveness and efficiency of the delivery. The multiscale Mathematical model provides a tool to optimize the delivery of nanoparticles by determining designs with the best characteristics to provide a targeted delivery. The model can consider a single patient's biology, which has the potential to provide personalized medicine. All in all, this study helps develop a quantitative comprehension of the interactions with nanoparticle-biological systems. Also, it contributes to the systematic engineering of advanced nanomedicine technologies.