Abstract

Background: Hospital fire emergencies pose critical risks to patient safety, yet structured, measurable preparedness training is often lacking. Existing programs rarely integrate simulation, competency assessment, and audit-and-feedback mechanisms that link staff learning to real-time response indicators.Aim: This study developed and validated an operational fire-preparedness training module that integrates Immediate Safe Action (ISS), PASS/APAR skills, horizontal-first evacuation, a mini-PASS OSCE, and dashboard-based audit and feedback to strengthen hospital emergency response capability.Methods: A sequential mixed-methods developmental and validation design was employed, consisting of qualitative exploratory module development followed by quantitative psychometric evaluation. Qualitative phases included document analysis, expert consultations, stakeholder workshops, and iterative prototyping guided by the COM-B framework and CFIR 2.0. Quantitative validation included content validity assessment using Item-Level and Scale-Level Content Validity Indices (I-CVI and S-CVI), internal consistency testing using Cronbach’s alpha, and inter-rater reliability evaluation using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Preliminary implementation outcomes were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to evaluate response-time improvements and competency performance.Results: The study produced a structured fire-preparedness module encompassing standardized simulation scripts, mini-PASS OSCE competency assessments, coaching-on-site procedures, and unit-based evacuation drills. Content validation demonstrated strong expert agreement with I-CVI values ranging from 0.83–1.00 and an overall S-CVI of 0.94. The mini-PASS OSCE checklist demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.87) and acceptable inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.82). Preliminary pilot implementation showed significant improvements in preparedness indicators, including reduced detection-to-alarm response times (p = 0.002), improved PASS procedural compliance (p < 0.001), and enhanced evacuation coordination scores (p = 0.004). Stakeholders evaluated the module as feasible, measurable, and compatible with hospital operational workflows.Conclusion: This study developed and psychometrically validated a comprehensive fire-preparedness training module integrating ISS, PASS/APAR operation, horizontal-first evacuation, mini-PASS OSCE assessment, and dashboard-based audit-and-feedback mechanisms. The module demonstrated satisfactory validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability, while preliminary implementation findings indicated statistically significant improvements in emergency response preparedness indicators. The module provides a scalable and measurable framework for strengthening hospital fire-emergency readiness and supports broader implementation-phase evaluation in healthcare settings.