Abstract

The Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) defined as a common metabolic disorder in populations characterized by increased blood glucose levels, as it causes other disorders for example dys-metabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and which often in men. This cross-sectional study was included a comparison between 2 groups of males with T2DM: the 1st group consisted of uncontrolled T2DM, while the 2nd group consisted of controlled T2DM. The comparison between these 2 groups was based on biochemical markers related to anemia, lipid disorder and diabetes mellitus. The measurements parameters were enrolled serum triglycerides (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), serum ferritin, serum iron, hemoglobin (Hb) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Ultrasound imaging was also used to assess NAFLD. Correlation analyses explored relationships among metabolic variables. Uncontrolled T2DM patients showed significantly higher TC, TG, LDL, iron, ferritin and HbA1c levels and percent respectively, alongside significantly lower Hb compared with controlled patients (p<0.01). NAFLD and DIOS were highly prevalent in the uncontrolled group but rare among controlled group. HbA1c correlated positively with TG, and iron correlated positively with TG, while both iron and HbA1c demonstrated significant negative correlations with Hb. Overall, poor glycemic control in male T2DM is strongly linked to combined dyslipidemia, iron overload, hepatic involvement and anemia related abnormalities. These findings emphasize the need for integrated metabolic and hematologic assessment in T2DM management, with particular attention to early detection strategies.