Abstract

Manipulation of blood sugar level is a complicated physiological procedure that is under the highly dynamic interplay of glucose and insulin and is significantly affected by diet. In this study, a biomathematical model of optimization of diet-based interventions in glucose-insulin regulating systems is provided. It constructs a set of non-linear differential equations that are used to describe how glucose absorption, insulin release and cellular uptake different over time in a wide range of dietary conditions. In order to recreate metabolic processes, the model has physiological variables that are fundamental in order to recreate metabolic processes, including insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose production and the composition of meals. The optimal control method is one that aims at defining the best dietary intake patterns that will help keep the correct glucose levels and reduce metabolic variability. The controlled variable is a composition and timing of meals, and the goal of the target function is to minimize hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes and enhance insulin efficiency. The data demonstrate that a well thought-out and composition-regulated dietary interventions can greatly enhance the stability of glucose levels at the lowest possible load on insulin-controlling processes. Homeostasis is more successful with lower glycemic index diets and even macronutrient balance. Individual metabolic characteristics are important due to sensitivity analysis, because it is required to make nutrition programs specific to the individuals. This paper shows that there is a possibility of integrating optimal control theory with food planning to enhance metabolic well-being, especially in individuals with dysregulated glucose levels, such as diabetes. The suggested approach offers a quantitative basis for the development of evidence-based dietary programs and individual nutrition plans in clinical and population health care.