Abstract

Mathematical modeling has emerged as a vital tool for understanding the complex mechanisms of nutrient absorption and the regulation of metabolic processes in human physiology. The purpose of this study is to present a detailed mathematical model describing the dynamic interplay among nutrient intake, gastrointestinal absorption, blood circulation, cellular uptake, and metabolic feedback control systems. The model represents physiological processes such as glucose transport, lipid metabolism, amino acid absorption, hormonal regulation, and enzymatic reactions, and is used to analyze nutrient processing and use in the human body. Transport kinetics, metabolic conversion rates, and regulatory mechanisms regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon are described by differential equations. The results show that the efficiency of intestinal transport, blood glucose regulation, and the mechanisms regulating energy homeostasis are key to nutrient absorption. The model also emphasizes the importance of metabolic regulation in maintaining stable physiological parameters during fasting, feeding, and stress. In addition, the study analyzes the pathological conditions (diabetes mellitus, obesity, and malnutrition) by changing the metabolic parameters and hormonal sensitivity in the model. The results of simulations show that impaired insulin signaling or a decrease in the absorption efficiency may result in abnormal nutrient accumulation and metabolic imbalance. The results are useful for understanding the quantitative link between nutrient intake and metabolic control, which will help deepen understanding of disease progression and therapeutic directions for the disease. The mathematical model could be beneficial for biomedical researchers, nutrition scientists, and health care providers for predicting metabolic responses and optimizing personalized nutrition plans. It can also play a role in implementing more sophisticated computational models for clinical decision-making, diagnosing metabolic disorders, and precision medicine applications. The overall results of this study indicate that mathematical modeling can be a useful tool for understanding complex physiological processes and help to advance our understanding of nutrient absorption and metabolic regulation in human physiology.